Hans Pedersen Myre

Notater:

Note(kopieret juli 2019 fra Norman Lee Madsens database)

From the "Dansk adelsvåbner, en heraldisk nøgle", page 147, by Sven Tito Achen, Politikens Forlag, 1973, København:
Myre "på Bornholm". Tre sorte myrer i hvidt. På hjelmen to hvide vesselhorn. * Uradel, Skåne eller Bornholm. Peder Myre 1429; Hans Myre 1518. NDA side 201 og DAÅ 1901 side 229.

(The above translated to English:)
Myre "of Bornholm". Three black ants on white. On the helmet two white vesselhorns. * Noble origins: Skåne or Bornholm. Peder Myre in 1429; Hans Myre in 1518. See: NDA, page 201, and DAÅ, page 229.

From "Danske adelige sigiller fra det 13. til 17. århundrede", XV. Tre Myrer, page 36:
1. Myre, Hans v.: s. Hans Myre. 1518 Juli 14, Top. Sml. Perg. Vemmenhøg H.

(Translation of above:)
1. Hans v. Myre: Seal reads: Mr. Hans Myre; dated: July 14, 1518; Top. Collection Perg. Vemmenhøg district.

"Uldall'ske Samlinger 479-4" states that in "Friderich Rostgaards Vaabenbog 1687-88", page 68, describes the family's arms differently: "I hvidt felt 3 røde myrer" (on a white field 3 red ants)!

Hans Myre (mentioned in 1518) had three sons:

(Note: according to Sigvard Mahler Dam, in "De bornholmske væbnerslægter Uf og Splid - noget nyt om deres våbener", pub. in Heraldisk Tidsskrift, 1982, Hans Myre died in 1518. In "Over hals og hoved", pub. in SAXO, 1991, Sigvard states that Hans Myre was mentioned in 1518, and dead before 1531.)

1. Jens Hansen Myre. A document dated 1541 confures him the position of deacon (kannik) in Lund. On July 4, 1574 he sold Myregård (a.k.a. Lille Ølegård), 9' Vdg. Østermarie, and one farm in Klinteby, 20' Vdg. Ibsker, to Peder Oxe. He had a crookback (krogrygget) and died in Lund in 1575. Probably the same person as the Jens Hansen who was chief justice (Landsdommer) for Bornholm circa 1533, who placed his seal on an undated document (in 1533?) which was later presented in court in 1537 by Hans Borreby's widow Anne with regards to her dispute over the ownership of Myregård in Åker parish. In 1535 there was an unsuccessful uprising bythe Bornholmers against their Lübeck overlords, and the island's chiefjustice, a Jens Hansen of Nylars parish is said to have been involved. He probably owned "Myregaard" (later called Ågård), 2' Vdg. Nylars, a "frivornedegård" (free copyhold farm) - which is known to have been owned by Truid Myre. Some accounts state the he was executed by the Lübeckers- but the facts on this seem doubtful. Possibly Jens Hansen (Myre) fled the island, and took up the possition of canon in Lund? Possibly he is the father of Mads Kofoed's first wife Johanne (died circa 1547)?

2. Truid Myre. He is named in a 1551 lawsuit in Malmö, and in 1555 in another lawsuit on Bornholm. He complained in 1558 to the king about "Lensmand" ( Feudal Lord) Lage Urne, who was not pleased at Truid having freeman status. Sought in 1552 to lay entire Arnager fishing village beneath his durisdiction, this attempt failed. On March 30, 1558 he was the spokesman for Bornholm's freemen to King Christian the 3rd regarding exemptions in payment of the land-assistance-tax (landehjælpeskat), the exemptions were denied. Was probably without any children, as his farms (Store Myregård, 5' Vdg. Olsker; Lille Myregård, 6' Vdg. Olsker; Lille Myregård, 11' Slg. Nylars; Store Myregård, 10' Slg. Nylars; Ågård, 2' Vdg. Nylars; Pæregård, 3' Vdg. Nylars) would later become part of Simlegård estate, which was owned by Peder Hansen Uf and his wife Mette Hansdatter. Truid Myre died "Allerhelgens aften" (November 1) 1574, and according to Sigvard Mahler Dam, his gravestone was placed in Olsker Church's entry hall (Ols kirkes våbenhus), and although worn the 3 ants of the Myre arms, with two vesselhorns on the helmet, can still be seen; also that the gravestone shows his wife's shield, which depicts "en halvbue med nogle spidser" (a crescent with several points), with vesselhorns on the helmet - otherwise known as the "hummerklo" (lobsterclaw) or "geddekæft" (pike's jawbone) arms of the Bjergegaard-family.
(Sigvard speculates that she was the daughter of Hans Pedersen (-1537-1543-) of Bjergegård, 9' Vdg. Vestermarie, however it more likely to me that she was his aunt. - Norman Madsen, March 24,2003.)

3. Peder Hansen Myre was a "Frimand" (Freeman), he inherited the family-farm, Fuglsangsgård, 6' Vdg. Ibsker. In 1547 he is known to have owned a farm in Vestermarie parish which was not numbered, it was referred to as "Peder Myhres gaard"; it was later known as Lille Vestergård or Fogedagerhuset. He also owned Lille Myregård, 1' Vdg. Åker. On September 6, 1572 a meeting was held by Bornholm's Parliament to establish who had the right to the status of "Frimand" (Freeman) on Bornholm; Peder Myre is named as being one of the 17 men in attendance at the "Frimandsmødet". Peder Myre died in 1572, and it appears that he had no sons; the Myre-family farm, Fuglsangsgård, went to Peder Hansen Uf and his wife, Mette Hansdatter. Various researcher have incorrectly stated that "Mette Hans Pedersens Datter" was the daughter of Hans Pedersen Myre- based only on the fact that Peder Hansen Uf and Mette owned Fuglsangsgård in 1574. A court document dated June 15, 1582 concerning a dispute over Fuglsangsgård states that Mette Hansdatter was an heir of Hans Myre (-1518-).

The following has been extracted from a translation of the article "Landsdommer-patriciatet på Bornholm", part 1, by Sigvard Mahler Dam, published in SAXO, 1987:

Jens Hansen:
The Lübeckers helped King Frederik conquer Gotland, and thereafter demanded payment for their efforts and expenses in the war. So, on August 23rd 1525 the king sent an open letter to the inhabitance of Bornholm telling them that they had been mortgaged to Lübeck for the next 50 years!

About this time a new chief justice appears, someone we do not know much about. A legend from 1625, which was revived in a Bornholm journal in 1804 (see note nr. 14), tells that the Lübeck commander, Bernt Knop, was ill treating the Bornholmers, which is why "Landsdommeren Hans Jenssøn I Nylarsker" travelled to see the king and complain. He returned with a royal order that they must take care of the commander on their own. So they gathered together a band at Egele, south of Åkirkeby, to fight against the Lübeckers, but they were defeated and many were slain; this event probably happened in 1536. Some stories tell us that the chief justice thereafter had his head chopped off.

However, the tradition must have exchanged his given name with his patronymic, as can be seen from a high court document which display's his seal. In 1537 there was a fight over Myregård in Åker, and Hans Borreby's widow Anne came forth with a high court judgement, the document was sealed by Chief Justice "Jens Hansen", we can assume that this judgement must have been passed around 1533. (note 15) The insurrection against Lübeck was not in 1536, but in 1535. This might indicate that the chief justice's name was correctly Jens Hansen, and that he lost his position (possibly executed or fled?) because of his incitement of the uprising - as we know the exact date of the appointment of his successor (more on this later). Furthermore, this dramatic ending to his career (and maybe his life) meant that all his property was confiscated and placed under the juridiction of Hammershus - so we can not trace his descendants by seeing who were his heirs. The connection to Nylars parish might lead us to Store Myregård (10 Slg.), which is nearby to the small fishing village of Arnager, which the Myre-family, and especially Truid Myre of Myregård in Olsker, tried to take back from the Lübeckers. Which could mean that Jens Hansen was the brother-in-law of the earlier chief justice, Oluf Ottesen (Uf), and thus the son of Hans Myre of Klinteby in Ibsker parish. (note 16)

The name "Jens" is quite commonly used by the Myre family. We might also conclude that Jens Hansen was the father of Mads Kofoed's first wife, Johanne, the mother of the later chief justice, Jens Kofoed; which would explain whom he was named after.

If this hypotheses about Jens Hansen's origins is correct, it would appear that he was the last male descendant of the "gamle Myrer" (old Myre-family), which carried the arms depicting the three "myrer" (ants) on their shield. The "yngre Myrer" (younger Myre-family) was in fact a branch of the Kyrning family of Skåne, whose arms depict a star. Hans Myre's seal of 1513 shows a shield depicting three crawling ants, and a helmet with two vesselhorns. The colours of which are known from various publications about coat of arms: on a white background are three red ants and a helmet with two white vesselhorns. (note 17)

Notes:
6) "Bornholms Frimænd" by M.K. Zahrtmann in "Bornholmske Samlinger", volume 16, Rønne, 1920, pages 120-159, is a bit better, although still out of date. Some of the "Væbnere" (arms carriers) have been incorrectly documented, something easily avoided if the author had checked their seals. He insisted that it was impossible to trace a Bornholm Væbner-family over three generations, which is indeed nonsense. Further mistakes include Jacob Køller's arms (see later), where he states that Jacob carried the Brahe-family arms (which is displays a pole instead of a half fleur-de-lis!). Also, that Captain Anders Hansen (in the 1600s) belonged to the Lang-family (three oak-leaves), even though it had been over 100 years since the family had been on Bornholm, and that Anders Hansen carried a rose in his arms. A further mistake is that of Mette Hansdatter's arms (the wife of Chief Justice Peder Hansen Uf), he changed her half lobster claw (aka pike's jawbone) to one ant in order to make her fit into his faulty hypothesis, etc., etc.

14) Dean Jens Pedersen's description of "some strange happenings on Bornholm", written in 1625, and printed in "Bornholmske Samlinger", volume 17, Rønne, 1926, page 65, provides the chief justice's name, and in P.N. Skovgaard's "Bornholms Beskrivelse", 1804, page 293, there is an authentic rendering of the dean's account from 1625. The decapitation was mentioned by Zarthmann (see note nr. 6) in 1920, page 140, source for this account unknown; later complaints by Bornholmers about the Lübeckers includes one from a peasant farmer that his brother, Hans Jensen, had been decapitated; if this was Zarthmann's source it seems very unlikely that such an event took place: peasants were not the targets, and furthermore, the chief justice's name was incorrect!

15) "Det Kongelig Rettertings Domme. . . i Christian III' Tid", volume I, København, 1959, page 217.

16) Several members of the Myre-family had renounced their family-name: among them were the brothers Esbern and Niels Truidsen of Klemensker parish from 1530-1542; farms named Myregård were not always owned by the Myre-family, as is commonly presumed, rather, some owed their name to the fact that they were adjacent to a "myr" (bog). For instance the Myregård in Åker parish never belonged to the Myre-family (as wrongly stated by Zahrtmann and others), but rather to the Bing-family of Skåne. Even in 1625 the adjacent bog was still known as "Bingsmyr"! While conversely, the farm in Klinteby (in Ibsker parish), which for many years belonged to the Myre-family, never went under the name "Myregård"; on the other hand later, when the farm was owned by the Gagge-family, it was called "Gaggegård" throughout the 1700s and 1800s census records!

17) For Hans Myre's arms see "Danske Adelige Sigiller", by A. Thiset, L.XV. nr. 1. A photo of the seal (segl), and several details about the family, can be found in "Heraldisk Tidsskrift", nr. 46, October 1982, page 280. "Uldall'ske Samlinger 479-4", in the Royal Library, under "Friderich Rostgaards Vaabenbog 1687-88" on page 68 can be found the family's arms: "i hvidt felt 3 røde myrer" (on a white field 3 red ants); not black ants, as shown in "Nyt Dansk Adelslexicon" by Thiset & Whittrup (København, 1904), and in "Danske Adelsvåbner" by S.T. Achen (København, 1973). A slightly altered seal is shown in "Kall'ske Samlinger 124-fol", folio 70 (Royal Archives), but there we find only members of the later Myre-family who in reality was a branch of the Kyrning-family – perhaps they had inherited their separate seal from the maternal side? Thott'ske Samlinger 1104-2 (Royal Archive) under "Danske Adelige Vaabener med genealogiske kommentarer", folio 45, names the members of the later Myre-family ("Kyrning"), and shows their new arms: "i hvidt felt 3 blå bølger" (on a white field 3 blue waves)!

This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Familie/Ægtefælle/Partner: Ukendt. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Notater:

Note(kopieret juli 2019 fra Norman Lee Madsens database)

There is no known documentation on the identity of Oluf Ottesen Uf's wife. Much speculation has ensued over who it is that Peder Hansen Uf and his wife Mette Hansdatter were the owners of Fuglsangsgård, 6' Vdg. Ibsker, in 1574. Sigvard Mahler Dam speculates in his article "Landsdommer-Patriciatet på Bornholm", part 1, (published in SAXO, 1987), that the position of chief justice on Bornholm was kept as an inherited family position by a small clique of Freemen families during the 1500s; and so he speculates that Oluf's wife might be the daughter of Hans Myre. This would also explain how his grandson Peder Hansen (Uf), and his wife Mette, managed to inherit the majority of the Myre-family's farms. A court document concerning a dispute over Fugslangsgård dated June 15, 1582 states that Mette Hansdatter was an heir of Hans Myre (died 1518). - Norman Lee Madsen, June 11, 2005.

Question: How is it that the Uf-family came into the possession of the Myre-family farms? Mette Hansdatter and her husband Peder Hansen Uf hada pew-door made which dipicts two arms: "a shield with an upside down chevron (gavlsparre) design, and the other shield sporting a half lobster-claw (hummerklo). . ." And further, it appears that Jørgen Gagge and his wife Margrethe/Merete had a memorial made to honour her parents, Peder Hansen Uf and Mette Hansdatter. In 1601 they had cast a large church-bell (which later disappeared) for Klemensker Church. Laurids de Thurah states (in "Omstændelig og tilforladelig Beskrivelse over Bornholm og Christiansøe", 1756) that the large bell displayed two shields: one with a chevron (Sparre), the other with a pike's jawbone (Giedde Kieft). The Uf-family coat of arms displayed a chevron. This would seem to indicate that Mette Hansdatter's father's emblem displayed a pike's jawbone ("Giedde Kieft", a.k.a. "Hummerklo"). Yet, the Myre-family coat of arms displays 3 ants (3 myrer)!

Conclusion: The fact that Margrethe Pedersdatter (the wife of Jørgen Gagge) came into the possession of the Myre-family farms places a great deal of weight in favour of one or the other of Margrethe's parents being a close relative (descendant?) of Hans Myre (died 1518) of Fuglsangsgård. Evidently Hans Myre's three sons all died without maleissue, so their estates would have gone to their daughters; and if any of the brothers did not have any children, then their heirs would have been one of their own siblings or the children of their siblings. The assertion that the coat of arms, on the Klemensker pew-door and church-bell, were dedicated to the parents of Peder Hansen Uf and his wife Mette Hansdatter points to Mette being the daughter of Hans Pedersen and his wife (Anne Hals and Poul Olsen's daughter) of Bjergegård in Vestermarie parish. So, possibly it is Margrethe's father Peder Hansen Uf who is the connection to the Myre-family? We have no information on the identity of either Peder Hansen Uf's mother nor Hans Olfusen Uf's mother. Either of these two women would provide a direct route by which Peder Hansen Uf and Mette Hansdatter (and later their daughter, Margrethe, and grandson Claus Gagge) obtained the Myre-family estate-farm, Fuglsangsgård. It must also be noted here that the gravestone of Truid Hansen Myre's wife in Olsker display's the "Geddekæft" image; so she is likely a relative of Laurids Pedersen and Hans Pedersen! Yet another close family connection for Peder Hansen Uf and Mette Hansdatter to the Myre-family! - Norman Lee Madsen, June 11,2005.

Extracted from "Landsdommer-Patriciatet på Bornholm, Del II" (The Chief Justice Patriciate on Bornholm, Part II), by: Sigvard Mahler Dam (SAXO,1988):

Peder Hansen (Uf):

Once again a member of the Uf-family is back in the judge's seat. TheUfs were coming on strong. In 1562 Henning Gagge had been replaced asbailiff by the former chief justice Mogens Uf. It seems the brothersOluf and Peder Hansen (Uf) took a great interest in the law; since 1552they had been active in the Landsting, and took part in various cases -some of which, of coarse, pertained to their own family. And now, onceagain, a new chief justice was needed and the appointment speaks foritself: on the 28th of March 1574 Johann Urne was appointed chiefbailiff, and he brought along with him a letter from the king concerningthe candidate for the judge's seat, which stated: "The king has learnedthat since Jacob Borringholm's death there has been no Landstinggathering, and therefore the people suffer under the bailiffs, who havenobody to answer to, but since Hans Persen (sic, Chancellery error!) isthought to be capable for this office, he is to be installed andestablish law and order".

We can read all about the appointment in the letter the Lübeck bailiffsent home to the Lübeck council dated the 23rd of May 1574: "5 days ago anobleman came from Denmark, Johann Urne, who is to officiate over theecclesiastical jurisdictions. This nobleman has summoned 3 prominentpersons from every parish to a meeting at the tower in Klemen's Church(Peder Hansen was from Klemensker) and there they all gathered to witnessthe nomination of freeman Peder Hansen, officiated over by the noblemanon behalf of the king, as the new chief justice". At the end of theletter the Lübeck bailiff offers up a heartfelt sigh: "May he turn out tobe competent!"

Peder Hansen was born in 1536 and died 60 years of age in 1596, a tabletwhich once hung in Klemen's Church stated this to remind thecongregation. His grandfather was Chief Justice Oluf Ottesen (Uf), andhis father's mother was possibly a sister of Chief Justice Jens Hansen(Myre). His wife, Mette Hansdatter, was a niece of Chief Justice LauridsPedersen; and his father's nephew was Chief Justice Mogens Uf.

The colours of this old family's shield can still be seen on the couple'spreserved pew in Klemen's Church: a sinister red chevron on a whitefield, and on the helmet are 2 red vesselhorns; the wife's shield hasalready been described under Laurids Pedersen's entry. Peder Hansenapparently reversed the chevron in his shield to differentiate it fromthe emblem used by this brother Oluf Hansen, and his son Hans Olfusen -who was the "Lensmand" ( Feudal Lord) at Vardøhus (formerly employed bythe Royal Chancellery in København). (see note nr. 27)

Peder Hansen (Uf) and family lived at Simlegård in Klemensker parish, afarm which still is one of the largest on Bornholm, and the family ownedvast estates. The couple had 2 daughters: Margrethe, who married JørgenGagge of Almegård in Knudsker parish; and Merete, married to Hans Grabowof Pederstrup, who came to Bornholm. The Uf-family estate was dividedbetween these two families, of which the Gagges are the only ones to stayon Bornholm, while Merete's stepson, Jochum Grabow, sold all his estateand moved away from the island. (see note nr. 28)

(Note: I disagree with the above statement. I believe there was only onedaughter (known variously as: Margrethe, Marete, Merethe and Merete), whowas first married to Jørgen Gagge, then after his death was married toHans Grabow. - Norman Lee Madsen)

Peder Hansen lived to experience the joyful moment of Bornholm's returnto Danish rule. Lübeck had wished to renew its lease on the island foranother 50 years. But the king protested vehemently, even though itappears that he had previously promised to agree to the extention.Manderup Parsberg came to Hammershus in 1576, but as he preferred to havean entailed estate on Jylland already by the 7th of July 1577 hetransferred his entailment to Mogens Gøie, and Peder Hansen was summonedto officiate on this occasion. Such summons were to be issued severalmore times, a show another side to the chief justice's duties: to upholdthe laws governing Hammershus fortress until a new commander arrived,receive him on behalf of Bornholm and brief him on the affairs of theisland. That same year, the 8th of August 1577, Peder Hansen receivedentailments on 13 farms in the ecclesiastical jurisdiction, withpermission to keep them for the duration of his term as chief justice.This is the first time that all the copyhold peasants were mentioned bytheir names: so that all the farms can be easily identified - and withonly a few exceptions they are the same farms which succeeding justiceswere entailed according to the land tax registry of 1598. Furthermore,the farms - which were tenant- (vornede) farms - were largely situated inthe very same parishes as the farms entailed to Chief Justice SevidNielsen in 1448, which might suggest that this farms were "inherited"along with the position.

On the 27th of April 1580 Peder Hansen received a letter from the king tothe effect that he can freely reap the benefits of all his estates as hisparents before him. . . although his tenant-farmers had to deliver someof their harvest to Hammershus as they had done since Arild's time. Whyhe required this royal guarantee is not known.

On the 13th of September 1583 a captain had stranded his boat near Nexø,but the trade-licensed citizenry would only salvage his cargo if theycould keep half as their salvage-fee. . . way more than was allowed undermaritime law. The king ordered the citizens to appear before the chiefjustice and three assistant judges, all belonging to the island's chiefjustice patrician families: Jens Kofoed of Kyndegård (a future chiefjustice, and Peder Hansen Uf's sister's stepson), Christen Clausen(Køller) of Hallegård (the father of a future chief justice, and marriedto Peder Hansen Uf's cousin), and Bendt Hansen of Vellensgård (the nephewof a previous chief justice: Laurids Pedersen, and the brother of PederHansen Uf's wife, Mette)!

It was not always easy to pass sentences on the tempermental, hot-headedislanders, and on farmer, Morten Pedersen, had appeared several timesbefore the Landsting "and uttered numerous nasty swear words at the chiefjustice," and when Peder Hansen's judgement went against him, MortenPedersen became so enraged that inspite of grave warnings from theestate-holders and the bailiff, he finally attacked the justice while atthe Landsting, all the while shouting that the justice was a liar. Thejustice had to halt the proceedings, and Morten Pedersen was arrested andtaken to Hammershus to await court summons. His brother Hans andbrother-in-law H. Simonsen put up bail, so Morten was set free afterpromising to appear in court at the appointed time, but on the 23rd ofSeptember 1585 he failed to show up; and since he had probably fled theisland, his brother and brother-in-law were summoned to court in hisstead!

On the 13th of April 1587 a new commander arrived on the island, andbefore his arrival the chief justice and Jens Kofoed were ordered toregister all inventory at Hammershus, to examine the fortress' state ofrepair and supply of military hardware, as well as the condition of theisland's forests, and finally to audit the land registry taxpayer booksand accounts

By then Peder Hansen was 52 years old and wished to enjoy his retirementwithout too much trouble, so he stepped down from the chief justiceseat. His successor, who was appointed on the 25th of August 1588 issomeone we have already met: Jens Kofoed, a relative of Peder Hansen, whohad probably been given a good recommendation by his predecessor.However, the two of them continue to appear together officially, onlywith a roll reversal. For instance on the 28th of January 1594 whenCommander Falk Giøe died, and his widow was absen, both chief justiceJens Kofoed and Peder Hansen were summoned at once to Hammershus to"uphold the proper law of the fortress". Later that same year both ofthem were again summoned to Hammershus for the installation of the newcommander.

During Jens Kofoed's time as chief justice, we find several cases wherePeder Hansen participates, often we see him at the Landsting whensentences had been appealed. During the 8 year period following hisretirement from the judge's seat we often find him acting as a witness onprivate deed documents, and he most certainly was always valued as anadviser.

Notes:
Nr. 27) Peder Hansen (Uf)'s seal found in Bidstrup's "Stamtavle overFamilien Koefoed A", pub. København, 1886, page 181 (same as in A.Thiset's "Samlinger på kort" in RA, from 1886). An drawing of his pewseat, same as description of the family's coat of arms, see "HeraldiskTidsskrift" nr. 46, October 1982. On the genealogy same as: "SAXO" 1986,page 733 ff. Seals in "Danske Adelig Sigler" by Thiset, under L.lxv. nr.4: Cecilie Jensdatter, 1423-37 (daughter of nr. 20); nr. 5: Hr. Peder Uf,canon, 1501 (son of M.95); nr. 20: Johannes Lagesen, 1407 (father of nr.4); nr. 21: Hans Olufsen, 1599 (son of M.95); M.95: Otte Persen W,1493-97 (son's son of nr. 20).

Nr. 28) Merete Pedersdatter had 4 children, who all died before her,therefore her husband and step-son inherited all her farmsteads.

This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

nn blev gift med Oluf Ottesen Uf cirka 1505. Oluf (søn af Otte Pedersen Uf) blev født cirka 1475 i Prgd. Simblegård, Klemensker Sogn; døde efter 1522. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Beskæftigelse: 1533; Landsdommer

Notater:

Nedenstående tekst om Jens Hansen Myre er udarbejdet af Norman Lee Madsen som en del af en artikel ”The Myre Family of Bornholm”, der kan findes på Internettet på adressen: http://www3.sympatico.ca/colin.swift/myre.htm
Kopieret juli 2019.

The third son is Jens Hansen Myre, mentioned in a document dated 1541 which confures upon him the position of kannik (canon) in Lund. On July 4, 1574 he sold Myregård (a.k.a. Lille Ølegård), 9 Vdg. Østermarie, and one farm in Klinteby (20 Vdg. Ibsker), to Peder Oxe. He had a crookback (krogrygget) and died in Lund in 1575. This man is probably the same person as the Jens Hansen who was chief justice for Bornholm circa 1533, who placed his seal on an undated document (in 1533?) which was later presented in court in 1537 by Hans Borreby's widow Anne with regards to her dispute over the ownership of Myregård in Åker parish. In 1535 there was an unsuccessful uprising by the Bornholmers against their Lübeck overlords, and the island's chief justice, a Jens Hansen of Nylars parish is said to have been involved. He probably owned “Myregaard” (later called Ågård), 2 Vdg. Nylars, a frivornedegård (free copyhold farm) - which is known to have been owned by Truid Myre. Some accounts state the he was executed by the Lübeckers - but the facts on this seem doubtful. It seems probable that Jens Hansen (Myre) fled the island in 1535, taking up the possition of canon in Lund in 1541. Possibly he is the father of Mads Kofoed's first wife Johanne (died circa 1547)?

Notater:

Kure (5. vgd. Store Myregård, Olsker Sogn)

5. Vdg. Store Myregård og 6. Vdg. Lille Myregård i Olsker var fæstegårde, der tilhørte Myhreslægten, som blandt andet boede på 6. Vdg. Fuglsangsgård i Ibsker, hvor den første person er Truid Myhre, som omkring 1450 boede der, og døde ca. 1489. Et af hans oldebørn hed også Truid Myhre, som blandt flere andre gårde også ejede 2. Vdg. Aagård og 10. Slg. Store Myregård i Nylars, men som også ejede og beboede på 5. Vdg. Store Myregård i Olsker. Han ligger begravet i Olsker kirkes våbenhus, hvor man stadig kan se hans gravsten, hvor man læse, at han døde på Myregård Allerhelgens aften. Årstallet lidt ulæseligt, men menes at være 1574. Efter hans død arvede hans søster Mette Hansdatter Myhre, der var gift med landsdommer Peder Hansen Uf begge Myregårdene i Olsker. Peder Hansen Uf ejede og beboede Simlegård i Klemensker. Herved kom Myregårdene i Olsker til at høre under "Simlegårdsgodset". Gårdene sælges i ca. 1632 af Jochum Grabau til Kongen, og derved bliver de begge Kronegods. Kronen solgte gårdene på auktionen i 1744. Truid Myhre nævnes 1551 på grund af en retssag i Malmø, og 1555 i en retssag på Bornholm. Klagede i 1558 til Kongen over Lensmand Lage Urne, der ikke ville tiltale ham som "Frimand". Han søgte i 1552 at lægge hele Arnager Fiskeleje ind under sit domæne. Den 3o. marts 1558 var han som talsmand med hosKong Christian den tredje, for som bornholmske frimænd at ville fritages for at betale "Landehjælpeskat". Begge dele mislykkedes. Myreslægtens Sædegård var Store Myregård i Aaker.(Aage Kure)

Død:
Fremgår af ravsten i Olsker Kirkes våbenhus.

Familie/Ægtefælle/Partner: ??? Hansdatter. ??? (datter af Hans Pedersen Myhre og NN Poulsdatter) blev født før 1540 i 47. sgd. Bjergegård, Vestermarie Sogn; døde i UNKNOWN i Bornholm. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Beskæftigelse: Proprietær
• Bopæl: 1547, Lille Vestergård, Vestermarie Sogn

Notater:

Kure (Lille Vestergård, Fogedgård i Vestermarie)

Til 8. Vdg. Vestergård i Vestermarie hørte en periode Lille Vestergård, derfor har den ikke fået noget nr. Men 8. Vdg. Vestergård er en af de 12 Kongsgårde. Zahrtmann mener også, at denne gård oprindelig hed Vesetegård, og antager at den tilhørte Jarl Vesete, der var Jarl over Bornholm under Harald Blåtand omkring år 980. Peder Hansen Myhre ejede den i 1547, men har nok ikke boet her på gården. Han ejede flere gårde, bl. a. Myreslægtens sædegård Store Myregård i Aaker. Lille Vestergård kom senere til at hedde Fogedagregård, eller blot Fogedagre, idet ridefoged og skriver på Hammershus Jens Bendtsen boede her. Blev senere kaldet 8. Vdg. grund Fogedagre. Se også (BS) rk. 1, bind 21, side 41.

Note(kopieret juli 2019 fra Norman Lee Madsens database)

Peder Myre is named as being one of the 17 "Frimænd" (Freemen) in attendance at the "Frimandsmødet" held on September 6, 1572. In 1547 he is known to have owned a farm in Vestermarie parish which was not numbered, it was refered to as "Peder Myhres gaard"; it was later known as Lille Vestergård or Fogedagerhuset. He also owned Lille Myregård, 1'Vdg. Åker; which is probably where he was living at the time of the 1572a meeting.

Various sources state that Peder (Hansen) Myre died in 1572; however, since this man has been mixed up with the other two Freemen Peder Hansens on Bornholm in the mid-1500s it is possible this is incorrect. It appears that he had no sons, as the Myre-family farm, Fuglsangsgård, went to Peder Hansen (Uf) and his wife, Mette Hansdatter; both of whom might have been a grandchild of two of his sisters. - Norman Lee Madsen, April 21, 2015.

This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Bopæl:
Unummereret gård, der i en periode hørte under 8. vgd. Vestergård.

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Beskæftigelse: Proprietær
• Ane-nr.: Ane 14.13475+826 (Garde)
• Ane-nr.: Ane 15.17939 (Sommer)

Notater:

Note(kopieret juli 2019 fra Norman Lee Madsens database)

Hans Olufsen (Uf) was a secretary in the king's chancellery from 1592 until 1597, and later the "Lensmand" (Feudal Lord) at Vardøhus (in Vardø parish, Finnmark county, Norway) in 1599. Hans Olufsen was the owner of Gyldensgård, 17' Vdg. Østermarie; which he later sold to his father's brother Peder Hansen (Uf) of Simlegård in Klemensker parish. Hans Olufsen died in 1601, the last male member of the so called "Sparre-Uf" branch of the family. The seal (arms and helmet) he used in 1599 is identical to that used by Oluf Ottesen (Uf) in 1522.

* * *

Hans Olsen was appointed the district governor for Finnmark in 1597. Christen Skredder was brought before the court at Vardøhus Castle in 1601. He was as a wealthy man who owned 80 daler, he also owned a turfhut, a boathouse and som outbuildings at Østersanden, as well as threedrying racks for fish and some sticks for building drying racks. He was accused of practising witchcraft together with the Sami Morten Olsen, of casting a fatal spell on District Governor Hans Olsen in May 1601. He was convicted of the practice of witchcraft. His estated devolved to the King, and was to be brought to Vardøhus Castle. Sentenced to death by fire at the stake.

Note: the following article incorrectly identify Hans Olufsen (Uf) as being a member of the Kofoed-family.

From the article "Exporting the Devil across the North Sea: John Cunningham and the Finnmark Witch-Hunt", by Liv Helene Willumsen, p. 52, in "Scottish Witches and Witch-Hunters" edited by Julian Goodare (Reader in History, University of Edinburgh), 2013:

The next district governor of Finnmark, therefore, was a good seafarer, a man who could take quick decisions and deal with unexpected problems, and a loyal servant. In addition, he was a person who was trusted to deal with the witches of the north - a problem of which the king had become aware during his visit to the northernmost parts of his kingdom, Finnmark and Kola, in 1599. The ethnic conditions in the very north of King Christian's kingdom were distinctive, with Norwegian and Sami populations living side by side. Sami males had a reputation for sorcery all over Europe at the time, being particularly well versed in selling wind to seafarers. The new century made the king even more concerned about the danger of sorcery. The sudden death in 1601 of the governor of Finnmark, Hans Olsen Kofoed, was blamed on Sami sorcery, and the result was the first two witchcraft trials in Finnmark of Christen the Tailor and the Sami Morten Olsen. No wonder that Christian IV in 1609 wrote to the next district governor, Claus Gagge, warning him to beware of witchcraft, especially Sami sorcery, and to show no mercy in such cases.

From "Images, Representations and the Self-Perception of Magic among the Sami Shamans of Arctic Norway, 1592-1692", chapter 14, by Rune Blix Hagenin "Contesting Orthodoxy in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Heresy, Magic and Witchraft", editors Louise Nyholm Kallestrup and Raisa Maria Toivo, 2017:

As we have seen, the Danes knew of the strong rumours concerning Sami sorcery, as did many others throughout early modern Europe. Even though numerous witches had been put to death at the stake throughout Norway and Denmark, at the end of the sixteenth century no one had yet instigated asimilar policy of persecution directed at the Sami for their particular skills. But not too many years would elapse before King Christian IV turned into a monarch agitated by demons and eager to pursue and hunt down all kinds of sorcery - including Sami sorcery. As a collective group, the Sami posed a threat to the territorial expansion of Denmark-Norway, its state building and its endeavours to spread civilization and Christianity in the far North.

Since Christian IV turned the northern regions into his first major foreign adventure, he made sure that an efficient and energetic commanding officer was stationed at Vardøhus. The Dane Hans Olsen Koefoed was endowed with Vardøhus Fortress, and the county of Finnmark, in June 1597. The man travelled across great expanses of land in northern Norway in the winter of 1597/98 and the supsequent winter to investigate Swedish taxation of the Sami. Conscientiously, he presented his findings to the king. It is likely that Koefoed's report on the Swedish drive towards the coast of north Norway was what convinced Christian IV himself to sail northwards. . . ."

This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Familie/Ægtefælle/Partner: Ukendt. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Ane-nr.: Ane 13.6738 (Garde)
• Ane-nr.: Ane 13.6826 (Garde)
• Ane-nr.: Ane 14.8970 (Sommer)

Notater:

The parentage of Gunhild Uf is uncertain and disputed. She must have
been born between 1500 and 1532. What seems to be agreed is that she is
the descendant of Otte Pedersen Uf, the owner of Skovsholm in Ibsker
parish. Some say she is his daughter's daughter (datterdatter). Other's
that she is the daughter of his son Anders Uf, from Otte's first marriage
to Kirsten Galen. It has also been suggested by Sigvard Mahler Dam that
she is the daughter of Otte Pedersen Uf's grandson Hans Olufsen Uf
(1510-1574); possibly because she gave her son with Mads Jensen Kofoed
the name Hans - after her father?

It is known that in 1547 Gunhild's husband Mads Jensen Kofoed represented
her in a legal dispute with Mogens Uf (died 1565) concerning inherited
property from the estate of the deceased Oluf Tuesen. This implies that
there is a close relationship with Mogens Uf; some have suggested they
are brother and sister, others that they are cousins. Considering that
Oluf Tuesen died in 1500, it seems unlikely that Gunhild is his daughter
- as she would have been approaching 50 at the time of the birth of her
son, Hans Madsen Kofoed. Possibly she is the daughter of Oluf Tuesen's
brother-in-law Oluf Ottesen Uf? Or, as Sigvard Mahler Dam has suggested,
the daughter of Oluf's son Hans?

* * * * *
The following has been extracted from a translation of the article
"Landet Borringholm: Bornholmsk-skånske slægtskredse", by Sigvard Mahler
Dam, published in SAXO, 1986:

After the murder of Mogens Ufs' father Oluf Tuesen, his widow
(Margrethe?) went through hard times, but her brothers helped her prove
to Commander van Haffn which of the farms were her own inheritance, and
these were eventually given back to her. Her brothers helped with the
management, but then a pivotal event took place, which later caused a
devastating family feud over inheritance. Apparently Oluf Ottesen
purchased some property from the widow, and in the later court case some
letters and documents supposedly were proof thereof, but her son, Mogens
Uf, maintained that the family had unlawfully confiscated said property.

In 1547 Mogens Uf, still exiled from Bornholm, came to blows with his own
family and took them to the highest court in the land:

(In the original old Danish)
"Mogens W til Odersbiergh citat hustru Gunildt, Mattis Kofoedt paa
Bornholm med deres medarvinger for noget jordegods som de gør dem
forhindring paa smst. efter Oluf Tuesens død smst."

The case concerns Mogens Uf's inheritance from his mother, against
Gunhild Uf, who must be a descendant of his mother's brother, Oluf
Ottesen. Gunhild's husband, Mads Jensen Kofoed, sailed to København on
behalf of his wife and her co-heirs (who were under-aged). Mads won the
case and returned home able to keep the deeds to the farms contested by
Mogens Uf. But in 1552 Mogens Uf is back again to haunt Gunhild's family
(78):

(In the original old Danish)
"Oluff Hansz paa sine egne og metarfvingers Otte Persz arfvinger vegne,
beretter at Mogens W forfølger dem for noget jordegods og skifte, og de
have forfulgt sagen og bragt den for Rigets Kantsker, og til den ende
afsendt Mads Kofoedt med deres breve og beviser, men han er drunknet paa
veien og Brevskaberne forkomne, hvorfor det paalægges landsdommeren Hans
Reymer, at han er dem behjælpelig til endnu engang at faa beskrevet hvad
der er gaaet for sig i sagen."

"Mogens W" had sued Oluf Hansen and Otte Pedersen's heirs for some
property and Mads Kofoed had again been sent to København with
documents. Sadly, Mads drowned underway and the documents were lost.

That same day the king sent a letter to his bailiff on Bornholm, Henning
Gagge, requesting that he quickly settle the case between Mogens Uf and
Otte Pedersen's heirs. It had become bothersome to the king, the very
men he depended upon to resist the Lübeckers were about to destroy
everything with their family feuding. How the court case ended is not
known, but it seems that Mogens Uf lost again.

This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto,
Ontario, copyright 1990-2002.

Gunhild blev gift med Mads Jensen Kofoed cirka 1547 i Bornholm. Mads (søn af Jens Madsen Kofoed og Johanne Thygesdatter) blev født i 1513 i Lund, Skåne, Malmöhus Län; døde i 1552. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Familie/Ægtefælle/Partner: Ukendt. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Alias: Peder Hansen
• Beskæftigelse: fra 1574 til 1588; Landsdommer

Notater:

Kure (prgd. Simblegård + 53. sgd. Klemensker)

Peder Hansen Uf overtog gården efter sin broder Oluf Hansen Uf. Han blev udnævnt til Landsdommer på Bornholm den 28.03.1574. Han var Landsdommer 1574-1588. Ejede sammen med sin hustru omkring 50 gårde på Bornholm. (Se Bornholmske Samlinger 1. rk. bind 11, side 111 og bind 16, side 137) Peder Hansen Uf medbragte ca. 25 gårde og Mette Hansdatter Myhre ligledes ca. 25 gårde i ægteskabet. De er dem, der har ejet flest gårde på Bornholm.

Note(kopieret juli 2019 fra Norman Lee Madsens database)

In 1572 a meeting was held by Bornholm's Parliament to establish who had the right to the status of "Frimand" (Freeman) on Bornholm. Of course, that meeting had a broader purpose: a war in which Lübeck and Denmark had fought side-by-side had ended two years previously, and there was another three years before the Lübeck 50 year claim to Bornholm was to expire; although Lübeck claimed that it had been given a further 50 years. In this predicament it was wise for the King to establish locally situated allies; and Bornholm's influential freemen, who normally would have been snubbed by the King and the true nobility, were now in a position to receive benevolent treatment from the Danish government.

At the "Frimandsmødet" held on September 6, 1572 there were 17 men named as being in attendance: 1. Jacob Iversen, Landsdommer; 2. Mester Peder W(= Peder [Mogensen] Uf); the brothers 3. Peder Hansen; and 4. Bent Hansen; 5. Jørgen Pedersen; 6. Peder (Madsen) Kofoed; 7. Oluf Madsen; 8. Oluf Bagge; 9. Hans Mogensen, as he was away at the king's court he was represented by his father Mogens Hansen; 10. Peder (Hansen) Myre; 11. Jørgen Gagge; 12. Berent Hansen (= Berild Hansen); 13. Laurids Pedersen; 14. Jens (Madsen) Kofoed; 15. Christen (Clausen) Kiøller; 16. Peder Hansen (Uf); and 17. Hans (Madsen) Kofoed. Three advisers to the Danish Parliment (Rigsråder) had been sent to preside over the meeting, namely: Biørn Kaas of Starupgaard, Biørn Andersen of Stenholt, and Jørgen Marsvin of Dybæk. The group expressed heartfelt and solemn words about faithful service to the crown; and it seems they had an inkling of things to come, and therefore begged the King not to let himself be "seduced" by Lübeck's representative Sveder Ketting, "because you might expect that Lübeck only plotted to keep our island under their yoke." This was during the period in which Bornholm was strongly under the influence (and rulership) of the Hanseatic League free-city of Lübeck; the Bornholmers felt greatly put upon by the high taxes, unfair rules, and high-handedness of the Lübeckers. Contrary to the opinion of latter historians they must have convinced the envoys, as on the 9th of September the freemen were granted the right to gather shipwrecks from the beaches, hunt in the woods, as well as given full authority over their servants - a great victory for the freemen.

A document dated March 28, 1574 tells us that Peder Hansen (Uf) was the Chief Justice (Landsdommer) for Bornholm. A Freeman (Frimand), he was the owner of Simlegård, an estate-farm (frigård) in Klemensker parish; which he took over after his brother's death. He also owned Fuglsangsgård (later known as: Gaggegård, still later as: I Klinteby), 6'Vdg. in Ibsker - which was later passed down to his daughter's son Claus Gagge.

On August 30, 1577 Peder Hansen (Uf) was endowed with thirteen farms that were under ecclesiastical jurisdiction, namely: six farms in Østermarie, one farm in Ibsker, two farms in Vestermarie, three farms in Klemensker, and one farm in Rutsker parish. A letter of declaration (dated April 27, 1580) confirmed that he had property-rights equal to that other freemen on Bornholm. A drawing in Heraldry Periodical, nr. 43, 1981 edition, shows that his arms displayed a chevron (gavlsparre).

From the Hammershus Regnskaber, 1580-1617:
Hendrick Brahes Regenschaff aff Hammershus paa Borringholm fran Philippi Jacobj dag 1585 thill Philippi Jacobj dag âo. 1586. . . . Inndtegttpennge før sagefaldt: . . . Anndamit aff Per Esbørnssen y Vester Mk. sognn, før hand offuirfald Hendrich Brahe och landzdommeren med erørigeord inden landzthing - 2 Daller.

The above entry translated to English:
Henrik Brahe's financial accounting for Hammershus on Bornholm from May1, 1585 until May 1, 1586. . . . Accounts Receivable for transgressions: . . . Received from Peder Espersen of Vestermarie parish, because he attacked Hendrich Brahe and the chief justice [= Peder Hansen] with abusive words during the county council meeting - 2 Rigsdaler.

From "Aktstykker til Bornholm Historie" by Jens Rasmussen Hübertz, nr. 249:

1572 6. September Åkirkeby. Om frimændene på Bornholm.

Vi efterskrevne Biørn Kaas til Starupgaard, Biørn Andersen til Stenholt, Jørgen Marsvin til Dybek kiendes och hermed for alle vitterliggjør, at Aar efter Guds byrd 1572 den 6te Dag Septembris, det første vi kom paa Landet Boringholm, da lode vi bestille Landsting, og paa Landstinget gave Kongl. Maysts. befaling og vor bestilling tilkiende, og da vi alting der bestillet havde, toge vi alle de fri Mænd, der vare, ind i Kirken, og der forelagde vi dennem en Dag, de sig [sagde] fri [at være] og frelse at have, at de skulle møde om Løverdagen derefter med deres Brev og Seigl, huormed de kunde bevise sig fri at være. Dets imidlertid talede vi med Svend Ketting, og gav hannem tilkiende, at Kongl. Majst. var kommen udi Forfaring, at der skulle være mange paa Boringholm, som gav sig ud [for] fri at være, som dog ikke findes skulle, og dermed skede Kongl. Majst. forkort, paa hans Majsts. Kongskat og andet, huorfore vi og begierede afforskrevne Sven Ketting, at han ville hos være samme Dag, som vi forskrevne Frimænd, paa Kongl. Majsts. wegne, for os beskeede og havde, hvor han og til det første lovede. Men om morgenen, som Adelen var beskeet at komme tilstede, og forskrevne Sven Ketting havde sagt at ville derhos udi slig handel være tilstede, og forskrevne Sven Ketting haver da sendt os bud med sin tiener Jens Knap, som nu er Landstingsskriver, at han begierer at drage til Slottet, og der opsøge nogle fine breve, og derhos lod berette, at han udi ingen Maader vidste sig noget at have med samme Adels-mænd at giøre, men at den beskeed, derom var, havde han længe siden berettet Mester David udi Lund, og han havde den handel alt sammen opskreven.

Saa er for os kommen, den forskrevne 6. September; disse efterskrevne fri og frelse Mænd, nemlig: Jacob Jversen Landsdommer, Mester Peder W, Peder Hanssen og Bent Hanssen, Brødre, Jørgen Pedersen, Peder Koefoed, Oluf Madssen, Oluf Bagge, Mogens Hanssen på hans Søns Hans Mogenssens Vegne, som tiener til Hove, Peder Myre, Jørgen Bagge [sic, s.b. Gagge], Berent Hanssen, Laurids Pedersen, Jens Koefoed, Christen Kiøller, Peder Hanssen, Hans Koefoed. Hvilke vi da efter Kongl. Maists. befaling haver alvorligen tiltalet, hvortil de have svaret, at de haver dennem ingen frihed ydermere tilholdet, end som de af fader og forældre arvet haver, og haver de dennem ingen ydermere Rettighed tilholdet, end deres Fader og Forældre havde før dennem, og berettede, at de Lybsker tilforn havde Sal. Og Høilovlig Koning Christiern og sligt foregivet, saadan deres Adels Frihed og Rettighed at vilde forvende, da haver Høistbemeldte Kongl. Maist. dennem privilegeret, eftersom Adelen i Danmark havde deres Gods, og vidste dennom udi ingen maade at have forbrudt, men udi denne feide ladet dennem finde at bruge til Skibs, komme selv udi egen Person, og somme giort Folk ud, og enhver ladet sig finde villig efter sin formue, og dermed tilhjelpe at forsvare deres eget Land, saa Gud skee lov at fienderne dennem ingen Skade eller Afbreck giort haver, og dersom der var nogen, der vidste dennem at beskylde, at de ikke var fri og frelse Mænd, da begierede de, at de maatte komme tilstede, da vilde de holde dem food, og derhos begierer af Kongl. Maist. paa det allerunderdanigste, at de maatte beholde den Frihed, som deres Forældre før dennem haft haver, de vilde med Gods og Blod, og hvis de formaaede være Kongl. Majst. Tro tienere, efter deres ringe Formue, ligesom de tildes været haver og pligtig kiendes, og forsee sig også til Kong. Majst., som til deres rette Herre og Konge, hvilken der altid havde fremdraget forige Adel, at Hans Kongl. Majst. udi ingen Maader ville lade sig over dennem forføre af Sven Ketting eller nogen anden; thi de kunde vel tænke, at de Lybsker og deres Befalingsmænd stod efter, at de kunde og bringe dennem under deres Trældom, som de ellers giort haver ved Landet. Det skulle Gud allermægtigste belønne Hans Kongl. Majst., hvilket de altid troligen vil ønske. At saaledes er passeret, det vidner vi med vores Zigneter herunder trykte. Datum Boringholm ut supra 1572 den 6. September.

(The above Langebek transcription is held in the Diplomatarium in the Geheime Archive together with another copy - the original had 3 seal sattached to the bottom.)

Simlegård, in Klemensker parish, is classified as a "friegård", later called a "proprietair" farm, which is the highest of the three farm classifications:

1) Proprietairgård (Propr.): a freehold estate (thus also called a Frigård), which could only be owned by a freeman (frimand) or a member ofthe nobility (adelsmand).

2) Selvejergård (Slg.): meaning a freehold farm owned independently, free of obligations to an estate owner - it could be occupied by its owner or leased to a peasant farmer (bonde). A peasant who owned this type of farm was known as a "selvejerbonde".

3) Vornedegård (Vdg.), two types: a) the first type was part of an estate (i.e. connected to a proprietairgård), the peasants who lived on them were tenants and were obliged to provide labor, known as the "Herlighedsright" (Glory-right), to the owner of the estate; b) the other type was referred to as a "Fri Vornedegård", this type of farm was not connected to an estate and was free of the labor obligation - could be owned by a freeman and leased to a peasant. A peasant who lived on this class of farms was known as a "fæstebonde" (copyhold peasant).

A map drawn in 1851 shows 17 estate-farms classified as Proprietair: 3 in each of Åker, Ibsker and Nyker parishes; 2 each in Østermarie and Klemensker; and 1 each in Pedersker, Bodilsker, Østerlars, and Olsker. There were hundreds of farms comprising the other two classifications. The typical farm is arranged in a joined U shape, with the farmhouse, barn, pig-stall, and utility-shed all built around a cobble-stone courtyard.

This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Peder blev gift med Mette Hansdatter cirka 1554 i Bornholm. Mette (datter af Hans Pedersen Myhre og NN Poulsdatter) blev født cirka 1530 i 47. sgd. Bjergegård, Vestermarie Sogn; døde efter 1555 i Bornholm. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Beskæftigelse: Land-owner (Proprietær)
• Ane-nr.: Ane 12.3369 (Garde)
• Ane-nr.: Ane 12.3413 (Garde)
• Ane-nr.: Ane 13.4485 (Sommer)

Notater:

Note(kopieret juli 2019 fra Norman Lee Madsens database9

Hans Kofoed, as the owner of Heslegård, 21 Vdg. a "fri vornedegård" (freehold farm), and Knæbjerghus, both in Østerlars parish, participated in the Freeman status meeting in 1572. In 1586 he is recorded as living in Rønne, and in 1590 and 1608 as the owner of the Freeman's estate Blykobbegård in Nyker parish.

Hans Kofoed is recorded in Bornholm's Jordebog as the taxpayer for Rosmannegård, 27' Slg. Knudsker, in 1611; and as the taxpayer for 26'Slg. Knudsker (part of the Store Almegård estate) in 1617, and in the Hammershus Regnskaber, 1617-1631 as being "Hans Koefoed aff Knudsker Sogen", one of the men presiding on February 14, 1625 over the division of the estate of Christopher Olsen's wife Seigne, who had been beheaded for witchcraft.

Sigvard Mahler Dam states, in "Over Hals og hoved" (published in SAXO, 1991), that he discovered that in 1666 there was a case in court concerning the estate of the deceased widow Christine Kiøller (died 1665), in which Hans Olufsen Kofoed, the grandson of Hans (Madsen)Kofoed, states that he is as close an heir after Christine Kiøller as her guardian Claus Kames. Christine is the daughter of Christen Clausen Køller (died circa 1582) and Margrethe Mogensdatter Uf, of Store Hallegård in Olsker.

Sigvard notes that Hans Kofoed named a son Claus, and another son Jacob, which up to that point had not been given names used by the Kofoed-family. Since Christen Clausen Køller had named a son Jacob, Sigvard speculates that Claus and Jacob are Køller family names. Sigvard also notes that Christine Kiøller's brother Christen Clausen Kiøller (junior) signed documents in 1624 and 1628, while he was Bornholm's chiefjustice, which concerned the Kofoed family. (This information was first published in Julius Bidstrup's book on Kofoed family A.)

Based on the above, Sigvard suggests that Hans Kofoed's wife may have been the daughter of Christen Clausen Køller (senior) and Margrethe Mogensdatter Uf. (Or possibly it is Hans Olufsen Kofoed's mother Sidsele who is the relative of Christine Kiøller? - Norman Madsen)

However, it seems just as possible that Hans Kofoed's wife was the half-sister of Christen Clausen Køller (died circa 1582, of Store Hallegård in Olsker). According to Edvard Skovgaard, in "1000 Aner til en Skovgårdsslægt" (pub. 1989), Christen Clausen Køller is the son of a Claus Köller (from Pomerania) and Margarete von Schinckel. Possibly "Margarete von Schinckel" is the same person as the wife of Claus Clausen Kames, namely "Margrethe" (died May 10, 1693) of Rønne? Claus Clausen Kames and Margrethe are said to be the grandparents of the Claus Kames mentioned in the 1666 court case. - Norman Lee Madsen, January 28, 2003.

At the "Frimandsmødet" held on September 6, 1572 there were 17 men named as being in attendance: 1. Jacob Iversen, Landsdommer; 2. Mester Peder W(= Peder [Mogensen] Uf); the brothers 3. Peder Hansen; and 4. Bent Hansen; 5. Jørgen Pedersen; 6. Peder (Madsen) Kofoed; 7. Oluf Madsen; 8.Oluf Bagge; 9. Hans Mogensen, as he was away at the king's court he was represented by his father Mogens Hansen; 10. Peder (Hansen) Myre; 11. Jørgen Gagge; 12. Berent Hansen (= Berild Hansen); 13. Laurids Pedersen; 14. Jens (Madsen) Kofoed; 15. Christen (Clausen) Kiøller; 16. Peder Hansen (Uf); and 17. Hans (Madsen) Kofoed. Three advisers to the Danish Parliment (Rigsråder) had been sent to preside over the meeting, namely: Biørn Kaas of Starupgaard, Biørn Andersen of Stenholt, and Jørgen Marsvin of Dybæk. The group expressed heartfelt and solemn words about faithful service to the crown; and it seems they had an inkling of things to come, and therefore begged the King not to let himself be "seduced" by Lübeck's representative Sveder Ketting, "because you might expect that Lübeck only plotted to keep our island under their yoke." This was during the period in which Bornholm was strongly under the influence (and rulership) of the Hanseatic League free-city of Lübeck; the Bornholmers felt greatly put upon by the high taxes, unfair rules, and high-handedness of the Lübeckers. Contrary to the opinion of latter historians they must have convinced the envoys, as on the 9th of September the freemen were granted the right to gather shipwrecks from the beaches, hunt in the woods, as well as given full authority over their servants - a great victory for the freemen.

Hans Kofoed is known to have been living in Rønne in 1586, and to have been to owner of Heslegård, 21' Vdg. Østerlars parish. Hans Kofoed, named as a "Frimand", was one of the delegates who on May 6, 1608, in København, selected and confirmed Prince Christian as the future King of Denmark. He also, along with Peder (Poulsen) Kofoed (1548-1616), took part in the following festivities in Lund, Skåne (now part of Sverige/Sweden), where the nobility swore their allegiance to Prince Christian in the year 1610.

Their written authorization to attend is stated as follows:
"We, the hereafter stated signatories: Jens Kofoedt of Kyndegaard, Hanns Kofoedt of Blykobbegaard, Peder Koefoedt of Bagisgaard, Matz Koefoedt of Eskiilsgaard, and Niels Beriildsen of Gadebygaard, all Freemen of Borringholm, and present here together hereby declare. . . The honest and noble man: Hanns Lindenow, Commander of Hammershus Fortress, has according to our consent, requested these two persons: the honourable Hans and Poffuill Koefoedt to travel to Kiöbenhaffn with our authorized document and be our representatives (at Prince Christian's election). . .as further documentation we have in our own handwriting signed and sealed this our open-letter."

The above letter is dated: "Borringholm, 6 Maij, Anno 1608" With the signatures of: Jenns Koefoedt, Hans Kofod, Peder Koefoedt, Matz Koefoedt, Jacob Køller, Hans Berillsenn, Niels Berendtzen. (Jørn Klindt notes that Hans Kofoed's signature is not like that of his brother the Judge Jens Kofoed - the Judge was experienced and fluent at handwritting – while Hans Kofoed, being a farmer, was unaccustomed to feather and ink, which easily made blotches!)

From the seven seals affixed we can see that Jens Kofoed and Hans Kofoed, and Hans Kofoed's son Mads, used the "Sparre" (Chevron) image in their seals, but Peder Kofoed did not -- his seal was simply marked "P.K." Also, note that "Borringholm" and "Kiöbenhaffn" are the old style spellings of Bornholm and København (Copenhagen).

In 1595 Hans Kofoed had incorporated the image of a chevron (gavlsparren) in his seal; this later became the most widely incorporated image in later Kofoed seals. The "sparre" was the symbol used by his mother Gunhild's family in their coat of arms. His eldest son Mads Kofoed used this image from 1608, and his descendants (the "Rønne family" or "branch B" as this line of the family was referred to by Julius Bidstrup) used it as well.

Hans Kofoed at one point held the position of churchwarden (kirkeværge) for Nyker parish. He lived long enough to see his children prosper; they were privileged to have been born as freemen and have wealthy and influential relations. Through marriages they further built up their family position.

The "Danish Coat of Arms" registry includes no less than 18 familie scarrying the "sparre" (chevron) as part of their coat of arms. The image of the chevron used by the Rønne branch of the Kofoed-family seems to have come to it via the Uf-family of Skåne province. Noblemen of the Uf-family settled on Bornholm around the year 1400, and when the Mads Kofoed married into that family it seems that his descendants adopted the Uf's coat of arms with its depiction of a "sparre" (chevron). Later, as the "Rønne family" and the "Østermarie family" began to inter-marry the image of the chevron can be seen together with the cow-foot image of the Østermarie line descended from Poul Kofoed (-1549-1572-) of Kofoedgård in Østermarie parish.

From the book "Danske adelsvåbener, en heraldisk nøgle", Politikens Forlag, 1973, København:
Kofod. Et koben. Farver og eventuel hjelmfigur kendes ikke. Markvard Kofod, væbner, 1378; afkom ukendt. NDA side 151.

(Translated to english:)
Kofod. On the shield a cow-foot. Colours and eventual helmet-design unknown. Markvard Kofod, arms carrier in 1378; no known descendants. NDA page 151.

According to Sigvard Mahler Dam's article "De bornholmske væbnerslægter Uf og Splid - noget nyt om deres våbener", (Heraldisk Tidsskrift, 1982), the Kofoed-family's arms carried a blue chevron on a red background, with 2 white vesselhorns on the helmet, and that "Danmarks Kirker", volume 7, Bornholm, tells the same, but incorrectly lists the arms as the belonging to the Gagge-family.

From the Hammershus Regnskaber, 1580-1617:
Hendrick Brahes Regenschaff aff Hammershus paa Borringholm fran Philippi Jacobj dag 1585 thill Philippi Jacobj dag âo. 1586. . . . Inndtegttpennge før sagefaldt: . . . Anndamit ieg aff Hans Sabell ibidem [Rønde]før hand slo Hanns Kuofoedh ibidem [Rønde] - 1-1/2 Daller.

The above entry translated to English:
Henrik Brahe's financial accounting for Hammershus on Bornholm from May1, 1585 until May 1, 1586. . . . Accounts Receivable for transgressions:. . . I received from Hans Sabell of Rønne because he struck Hans Kofoedof Rønne - 1-1/2 Rigsdaler.

From the Hammershus Regnskaber, 1617-1631:
Wy effterskreffne Peder Andersøen, aff Nelausker Sogen, Herridtsfogitt paa Borrenholm Peder Andersøen, Mads Jensøen, Hans Koefoed aff Knudsker Sogen, bekiender och witterligtt gør for alle, och aff Knud Jensøen Kongl. May. Ridefogitt her sammestedts, att werre tikriste och befallid att verre tilstede paa skifftte som bemeltte Knud Jensøen, paa Kongl.May. och sin gunstige horris wegne loid holde, med Cristoffer Olsøen aff Knudsker Sogen efftter sin hustru som wdj troldomb wor kyndige, och derforre bleff dømbtt och heden rett. Huor ouffuer hindis houffuedloid komb wdj Kongens werge, saa ere wj bemeltte mend wdj Jens Søffrensøn Borgemester wdj Rønde, Fock Saffraff Raadmand ibid., samme fleregottfolck derris neruerilse den 14 February neruerende aar 1625 i forhne Cristoffer Olsøns gaard, forsamblede fornhe ørinde, och vereff attwdrotte. - Och for dett første ør wdj worris neruerilse oprognitt huiswitterlig gield och børnegoeds som med rette aff fellidsboe kundefordris. Huilkid er wdj tre ware korn och en partt fæ, forloddiswdtagitt, och siden er boed mitt; the skifft, och Kongl. May. part straxpersileris andteginde och aff os worderrid, som følger: . . . . Naar affforhne summa penge fratagis huis som paa Seyne Cristoffers er bekostidoch anvoret for hun først bleff behofftid, och indtil hun bleff hedenrettid, saa och fogdens penninge: . . . Erlige och welarte mend, Jens Søfrensøn Borgemester och Fock Saffraff Raadmand i Rønde, som och hoisworre, medois till witterlighed att beseylle, Datum Rønde den 15 FebruaryAnno 1625.

This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Hans blev gift med xxx Clausdatter Kjøller før 1585. xxx (datter af Claus Köller og Margrethe von Schinckel) blev født før 1566 i Prgd. Skovsholm, Ibsker Sogn. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]

Margrethe blev gift med Jørgen Henningsen Gagge cirka 1570. Jørgen (søn af Henning Jørgensen Gagge og Elisabeth Elline Clausdatter Kames) blev født cirka 1552 i Prgd. Store Almegård, Knudsker Sogn; døde i 1606 i Prgd. Store Almegård, Knudsker Sogn. [Gruppeskema] [Familietavle]