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- Note(kopieret juli 2019 fra Norman Lee Madsens database)
From the "Dansk adelsvåbner, en heraldisk nøgle", page 147, by Sven Tito Achen, Politikens Forlag, 1973, København:
Myre "på Bornholm". Tre sorte myrer i hvidt. På hjelmen to hvide vesselhorn. * Uradel, Skåne eller Bornholm. Peder Myre 1429; Hans Myre 1518. NDA side 201 og DAÅ 1901 side 229.
(The above translated to English:)
Myre "of Bornholm". Three black ants on white. On the helmet two white vesselhorns. * Noble origins: Skåne or Bornholm. Peder Myre in 1429; Hans Myre in 1518. See: NDA, page 201, and DAÅ, page 229.
From "Danske adelige sigiller fra det 13. til 17. århundrede", XV. Tre Myrer, page 36:
1. Myre, Hans v.: s. Hans Myre. 1518 Juli 14, Top. Sml. Perg. Vemmenhøg H.
(Translation of above:)
1. Hans v. Myre: Seal reads: Mr. Hans Myre; dated: July 14, 1518; Top. Collection Perg. Vemmenhøg district.
"Uldall'ske Samlinger 479-4" states that in "Friderich Rostgaards Vaabenbog 1687-88", page 68, describes the family's arms differently: "I hvidt felt 3 røde myrer" (on a white field 3 red ants)!
Hans Myre (mentioned in 1518) had three sons:
(Note: according to Sigvard Mahler Dam, in "De bornholmske væbnerslægter Uf og Splid - noget nyt om deres våbener", pub. in Heraldisk Tidsskrift, 1982, Hans Myre died in 1518. In "Over hals og hoved", pub. in SAXO, 1991, Sigvard states that Hans Myre was mentioned in 1518, and dead before 1531.)
1. Jens Hansen Myre. A document dated 1541 confures him the position of deacon (kannik) in Lund. On July 4, 1574 he sold Myregård (a.k.a. Lille Ølegård), 9' Vdg. Østermarie, and one farm in Klinteby, 20' Vdg. Ibsker, to Peder Oxe. He had a crookback (krogrygget) and died in Lund in 1575. Probably the same person as the Jens Hansen who was chief justice (Landsdommer) for Bornholm circa 1533, who placed his seal on an undated document (in 1533?) which was later presented in court in 1537 by Hans Borreby's widow Anne with regards to her dispute over the ownership of Myregård in Åker parish. In 1535 there was an unsuccessful uprising bythe Bornholmers against their Lübeck overlords, and the island's chiefjustice, a Jens Hansen of Nylars parish is said to have been involved. He probably owned "Myregaard" (later called Ågård), 2' Vdg. Nylars, a "frivornedegård" (free copyhold farm) - which is known to have been owned by Truid Myre. Some accounts state the he was executed by the Lübeckers- but the facts on this seem doubtful. Possibly Jens Hansen (Myre) fled the island, and took up the possition of canon in Lund? Possibly he is the father of Mads Kofoed's first wife Johanne (died circa 1547)?
2. Truid Myre. He is named in a 1551 lawsuit in Malmö, and in 1555 in another lawsuit on Bornholm. He complained in 1558 to the king about "Lensmand" ( Feudal Lord) Lage Urne, who was not pleased at Truid having freeman status. Sought in 1552 to lay entire Arnager fishing village beneath his durisdiction, this attempt failed. On March 30, 1558 he was the spokesman for Bornholm's freemen to King Christian the 3rd regarding exemptions in payment of the land-assistance-tax (landehjælpeskat), the exemptions were denied. Was probably without any children, as his farms (Store Myregård, 5' Vdg. Olsker; Lille Myregård, 6' Vdg. Olsker; Lille Myregård, 11' Slg. Nylars; Store Myregård, 10' Slg. Nylars; Ågård, 2' Vdg. Nylars; Pæregård, 3' Vdg. Nylars) would later become part of Simlegård estate, which was owned by Peder Hansen Uf and his wife Mette Hansdatter. Truid Myre died "Allerhelgens aften" (November 1) 1574, and according to Sigvard Mahler Dam, his gravestone was placed in Olsker Church's entry hall (Ols kirkes våbenhus), and although worn the 3 ants of the Myre arms, with two vesselhorns on the helmet, can still be seen; also that the gravestone shows his wife's shield, which depicts "en halvbue med nogle spidser" (a crescent with several points), with vesselhorns on the helmet - otherwise known as the "hummerklo" (lobsterclaw) or "geddekæft" (pike's jawbone) arms of the Bjergegaard-family.
(Sigvard speculates that she was the daughter of Hans Pedersen (-1537-1543-) of Bjergegård, 9' Vdg. Vestermarie, however it more likely to me that she was his aunt. - Norman Madsen, March 24,2003.)
3. Peder Hansen Myre was a "Frimand" (Freeman), he inherited the family-farm, Fuglsangsgård, 6' Vdg. Ibsker. In 1547 he is known to have owned a farm in Vestermarie parish which was not numbered, it was referred to as "Peder Myhres gaard"; it was later known as Lille Vestergård or Fogedagerhuset. He also owned Lille Myregård, 1' Vdg. Åker. On September 6, 1572 a meeting was held by Bornholm's Parliament to establish who had the right to the status of "Frimand" (Freeman) on Bornholm; Peder Myre is named as being one of the 17 men in attendance at the "Frimandsmødet". Peder Myre died in 1572, and it appears that he had no sons; the Myre-family farm, Fuglsangsgård, went to Peder Hansen Uf and his wife, Mette Hansdatter. Various researcher have incorrectly stated that "Mette Hans Pedersens Datter" was the daughter of Hans Pedersen Myre- based only on the fact that Peder Hansen Uf and Mette owned Fuglsangsgård in 1574. A court document dated June 15, 1582 concerning a dispute over Fuglsangsgård states that Mette Hansdatter was an heir of Hans Myre (-1518-).
The following has been extracted from a translation of the article "Landsdommer-patriciatet på Bornholm", part 1, by Sigvard Mahler Dam, published in SAXO, 1987:
Jens Hansen:
The Lübeckers helped King Frederik conquer Gotland, and thereafter demanded payment for their efforts and expenses in the war. So, on August 23rd 1525 the king sent an open letter to the inhabitance of Bornholm telling them that they had been mortgaged to Lübeck for the next 50 years!
About this time a new chief justice appears, someone we do not know much about. A legend from 1625, which was revived in a Bornholm journal in 1804 (see note nr. 14), tells that the Lübeck commander, Bernt Knop, was ill treating the Bornholmers, which is why "Landsdommeren Hans Jenssøn I Nylarsker" travelled to see the king and complain. He returned with a royal order that they must take care of the commander on their own. So they gathered together a band at Egele, south of Åkirkeby, to fight against the Lübeckers, but they were defeated and many were slain; this event probably happened in 1536. Some stories tell us that the chief justice thereafter had his head chopped off.
However, the tradition must have exchanged his given name with his patronymic, as can be seen from a high court document which display's his seal. In 1537 there was a fight over Myregård in Åker, and Hans Borreby's widow Anne came forth with a high court judgement, the document was sealed by Chief Justice "Jens Hansen", we can assume that this judgement must have been passed around 1533. (note 15) The insurrection against Lübeck was not in 1536, but in 1535. This might indicate that the chief justice's name was correctly Jens Hansen, and that he lost his position (possibly executed or fled?) because of his incitement of the uprising - as we know the exact date of the appointment of his successor (more on this later). Furthermore, this dramatic ending to his career (and maybe his life) meant that all his property was confiscated and placed under the juridiction of Hammershus - so we can not trace his descendants by seeing who were his heirs. The connection to Nylars parish might lead us to Store Myregård (10 Slg.), which is nearby to the small fishing village of Arnager, which the Myre-family, and especially Truid Myre of Myregård in Olsker, tried to take back from the Lübeckers. Which could mean that Jens Hansen was the brother-in-law of the earlier chief justice, Oluf Ottesen (Uf), and thus the son of Hans Myre of Klinteby in Ibsker parish. (note 16)
The name "Jens" is quite commonly used by the Myre family. We might also conclude that Jens Hansen was the father of Mads Kofoed's first wife, Johanne, the mother of the later chief justice, Jens Kofoed; which would explain whom he was named after.
If this hypotheses about Jens Hansen's origins is correct, it would appear that he was the last male descendant of the "gamle Myrer" (old Myre-family), which carried the arms depicting the three "myrer" (ants) on their shield. The "yngre Myrer" (younger Myre-family) was in fact a branch of the Kyrning family of Skåne, whose arms depict a star. Hans Myre's seal of 1513 shows a shield depicting three crawling ants, and a helmet with two vesselhorns. The colours of which are known from various publications about coat of arms: on a white background are three red ants and a helmet with two white vesselhorns. (note 17)
Notes:
6) "Bornholms Frimænd" by M.K. Zahrtmann in "Bornholmske Samlinger", volume 16, Rønne, 1920, pages 120-159, is a bit better, although still out of date. Some of the "Væbnere" (arms carriers) have been incorrectly documented, something easily avoided if the author had checked their seals. He insisted that it was impossible to trace a Bornholm Væbner-family over three generations, which is indeed nonsense. Further mistakes include Jacob Køller's arms (see later), where he states that Jacob carried the Brahe-family arms (which is displays a pole instead of a half fleur-de-lis!). Also, that Captain Anders Hansen (in the 1600s) belonged to the Lang-family (three oak-leaves), even though it had been over 100 years since the family had been on Bornholm, and that Anders Hansen carried a rose in his arms. A further mistake is that of Mette Hansdatter's arms (the wife of Chief Justice Peder Hansen Uf), he changed her half lobster claw (aka pike's jawbone) to one ant in order to make her fit into his faulty hypothesis, etc., etc.
14) Dean Jens Pedersen's description of "some strange happenings on Bornholm", written in 1625, and printed in "Bornholmske Samlinger", volume 17, Rønne, 1926, page 65, provides the chief justice's name, and in P.N. Skovgaard's "Bornholms Beskrivelse", 1804, page 293, there is an authentic rendering of the dean's account from 1625. The decapitation was mentioned by Zarthmann (see note nr. 6) in 1920, page 140, source for this account unknown; later complaints by Bornholmers about the Lübeckers includes one from a peasant farmer that his brother, Hans Jensen, had been decapitated; if this was Zarthmann's source it seems very unlikely that such an event took place: peasants were not the targets, and furthermore, the chief justice's name was incorrect!
15) "Det Kongelig Rettertings Domme. . . i Christian III' Tid", volume I, København, 1959, page 217.
16) Several members of the Myre-family had renounced their family-name: among them were the brothers Esbern and Niels Truidsen of Klemensker parish from 1530-1542; farms named Myregård were not always owned by the Myre-family, as is commonly presumed, rather, some owed their name to the fact that they were adjacent to a "myr" (bog). For instance the Myregård in Åker parish never belonged to the Myre-family (as wrongly stated by Zahrtmann and others), but rather to the Bing-family of Skåne. Even in 1625 the adjacent bog was still known as "Bingsmyr"! While conversely, the farm in Klinteby (in Ibsker parish), which for many years belonged to the Myre-family, never went under the name "Myregård"; on the other hand later, when the farm was owned by the Gagge-family, it was called "Gaggegård" throughout the 1700s and 1800s census records!
17) For Hans Myre's arms see "Danske Adelige Sigiller", by A. Thiset, L.XV. nr. 1. A photo of the seal (segl), and several details about the family, can be found in "Heraldisk Tidsskrift", nr. 46, October 1982, page 280. "Uldall'ske Samlinger 479-4", in the Royal Library, under "Friderich Rostgaards Vaabenbog 1687-88" on page 68 can be found the family's arms: "i hvidt felt 3 røde myrer" (on a white field 3 red ants); not black ants, as shown in "Nyt Dansk Adelslexicon" by Thiset & Whittrup (København, 1904), and in "Danske Adelsvåbner" by S.T. Achen (København, 1973). A slightly altered seal is shown in "Kall'ske Samlinger 124-fol", folio 70 (Royal Archives), but there we find only members of the later Myre-family who in reality was a branch of the Kyrning-family perhaps they had inherited their separate seal from the maternal side? Thott'ske Samlinger 1104-2 (Royal Archive) under "Danske Adelige Vaabener med genealogiske kommentarer", folio 45, names the members of the later Myre-family ("Kyrning"), and shows their new arms: "i hvidt felt 3 blå bølger" (on a white field 3 blue waves)!
This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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