Cort Hartwig

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Beskæftigelse: fra 1572 til 1573; Konstitueret bestyrer på Hammershus

Notater:

Fra Borgmesterslægten Hartwig paa Bornholm af K. Thorsen.

En Bror til Borgmester Augustin Hartwig var vistnok en Cort Hartwig, der i 1572-73 var konstitueret Bestyrer af Hammershus Len. Under 20. December 1572 har Consulat. Lübec. ”durch ein offen Patent, Cort Hartwig die Administration des Landes (Bornholm) vftzdragen”.

Den 18. Marts 1573 melder Curt Hartnigk til Hr. Johan Brockhusen og Herr
Benedictas Schlicker, »Kammerhem, meinen gebietenden Herrn« (i Lybæk), at han er kommen til Nexø og har modtaget Slottet, Nøglerne m.m., og Løverdagen efter Anunciationis Mariæ melder han, at han har overtaget Bestyrelsen, Inventaret o.s.v., item at han ikke tör paatage sig Den 18. Marts 1573 melder Curt Hartnigk til Hr. JohanBrockhusen og Herr Benedictas Schlicker, »Kammerhem, meinen gebietenden Herrn« (i Lybæk), at han er kommen til Nexø og har modtaget Slottet, Nøglerne m. m., og Løverdagen efter Anun- ciationis Mariæ melder han, at han har overtaget Bestyrelsen, In­ventaret o. s. v., item at han ikke tör paatage sig Befalingen og ha­ve med Ret og Dele at gøre, beder derfor om, at man vil sende en Høvedsmand. (Original i Raadhusarkivet i Lybæk. Bornholm II.4. Hiibertz, S. 402Befalingen og have med Ret og Dele at gøre, beder derfor om, at man vil sende en Høvedsmand.
(Original i Raadhusarkivet i Lybæk. Bornholm II. 4. Hübertz, S. 402).

Den 24. Juli udstedes Bestalling for Mattheus Tidemann, Raadmand i Lybæk, at være »houetman« paa Hammershus i 8 Aar; han skal have aarligt 100 Mark i Løn. (Hübertz, S. 414). Hermed er Cort Hartwigs Embedsvirke paa Bornholm slut.

I bogen "Bornholmernes land — øen i øst," er hans navn anført som: Kort Hartkings.

Fødsel:
Der er ikke nogen kilder, der kan anvendes til at fastlægge Cort Hartwigs fødselsår. I K. Thorsens artikel 1943 er han anført som bror til Augustin Hartwig og dermed søn af Hartwig Hagefeldt i Lübeck. Det kan underbygge, at han er født ca. 1511 som anført af nogle slægtsforskere. Andre slægtsforskere har anført ham som søn af Augustin Hartwig født ca 1742.

Død:
Antagelsen, at Cort Hartwig dør i Lübeck, tager udgangspunkt i, at han som anført af K. Thorsen er søn af Hartwig Hagefeldt i Lübeck. Det kan sandsynliggøre, at han vender tilbage til Lübeck 1573 efter en kort periode som konstitueret bestyrer på Hammershus.

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Ane-nr.: Ane 16.53937 (Garde)

Notater:

Note (Overført juli 2019 fra Norman Lee Madsens database)

Hartwig Hagefeldt was a first-citizen (anset borger) in "Lybæk" (Lübeck); he is recorded as dying in 1555 on the 28th of February (as found in "Lübeckische Ratslinie", from the published archival records of Lübeck). None of the Bornholmer Hartwigs took the surname Hagefeldt; but rather abided by the scandinavian tradition of using the father's given name as the children's surname (in this case dropping the "-sen" suffix).

During Hartwig Hagefeldt's time a person did not become a "Borger" (Burgher, or middleclass citizen) by virtue of being born in a place. Burgher class citizenship was a valuable privilege that included: the right to engage in business in a community; rights and protections under the law; permission to reside in a community without being expelled. Citizenship was extended by individual communities to some of their inhabitants, primarily those who wanted to engage in business, and did not pertain to citizenship in the country as a whole. Until the twentieth century, only males of the middle and upper classes, mostly merchants and tradesmen, were granted citizenship.

Lübeck is located on two small streams connecting with Lübeck Bay. The history of Lübeck goes back to around the year 1000 AD, when the Wends established "Liubice" as a royal seat and trading center. Founded in 1143 Count Adolf II of Schauenburg built a settlement of Christian merchants between the Trave and the Wakenitz Rivers and borrowed the old name "Liubice" from the older and meanwhile destroyed settlement. The city of Lübeck was born. After a devastating fire the Saxon King, Henrythe Lion, established Lübeck for a second time in 1158. From 1159 on Lübeck developed as a center of trade, which in its effect could only be compared with its southern counterpart Venice. At breathtaking speed, Lübeck became the most powerful economic center of Northern Europe.

In 1173 Henry the Lion laid the cornerstone of the largest brickstructure of the North, the Cathedral (Dom zu Lübeck). The churches St. Mary (Marienkirche) and St. Peter (Petrikirche) also got their start during the same year. Henry the Lion indeed made even more of a mark on the city since under his leadership the layout of the Old Town of Lübeck was designed and it remains even to this day almost completely unchanged. It has five 13-14th century Gothic churches, a Gothic townhall, and a 13th century hospital. Another big name, which is perhaps even more important for the history of this city, is Emperor Friedrich II. It was he who in 1226 granted Lübeck its almost unique freedom and independence - its status as a "Free Imperial City". This meant that the city, and its citizens, were not subjects of a duke, count or bishop, but only of the emperor himself. This free area continued for 711 years.

At the end of the 13th century an alliance of Germanic cities, the Hanseatic League, was developed from a merchant's union, with the Free City of Lübeck taking on the leadership position of the Hanseatic Council. The league became a powerful economic and political force in northern Europe. Its earliest union dates to 1241, when Lübeck and Hamburg made agreements for mutual defense in trading; the first meeting of the "Diet" (legislative assembly) in 1256 included: Lübeck, Hamburg, Lünenburg, Wismar, Rostock, and Stralsund; later other towns joined the league. With a centre for meetings in the city of Lübeck, the members established an important network of Baltic trade, and a string of commercial bases stretching from Novgorod to London and from Bergen to Bruges.

Despite the power that she wielded, Lübeck, the "Queen of the Hansa", was never an overtly war-like city. The latin phrase on the Holstein Gate, completed in 1478, reads, "Concordia Domi Foris Pax" (Harmony Within, Peace Without), which was the prerequisite for the functional community and the undisrupted free trade which Lübeck enjoyed.

The league reached the height of its power in the 14th and 15th centuries when it contributed to the defeat of Valdemar IV of Denmark in 1367-68, and secured control of Baltic trade by Peace of Stralsund in 1370. It now included such widely separated places as: Novgorod, Reval, Riga, Danzig (Gdánsk), Magdeburg, Cologne, Bruges, and London; and gave trading privileges to merchants of many other towns. In its heyday during the 14th century the Hansa included well over a hundred towns; its influence gradually faded with the emergence of powerful competitor states, and the last meeting of the "Diet" was held in Lübeck in 1669. The term "Hanseatic town" was retained by Lübeck, Hamburg, and Bremen as long as they were imperial free-cities.

In 1509 Denmark and Lübeck were engaged in one of their numerous skirmishes. The Danes had a famous battleship called the "Svane" (english: Swan) - which was reputed to be the largest and most powerful in the world; but the Lübeck'ers in several small vessels surprised, attacked and destroyed it. After this victory a fleet of 14 Lübeck ships ravaged the Danish islands and did much damage to Danish shipping. Nine Swedish ships joined them, and the combined fleet almost ruined Lolland and Bornholm.

Later, in the summer of 1509, a great naval battle took place between 16Lübeck men-of-war and 17 Danish ships of about equal size and strength. One of the latter was a new vessel, the "Engel" (english: Angel), larger than the unlucky Svane had been. The Lübeck'ers had landed some of their guns and men to attack the fortress of Hammershus, on the northern tip of Bornholm, when the Danish fleet appeared, quite unexpectedly, and attacked at once. The battle lasted all day, and at night both sides claimed the victory. Some days later the fight was resumed, when, after several hours of fierce contest, the Engel had her rudder shot away and was taken in tow by her consorts, and the whole Danish fleet fled. In 1510 the league seized Bornholm as "security" on an unpaid loan given to the Danish crown; this lasted for a period of 50 years.

This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.