Jørgen Hartwig

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Beskæftigelse: Byfoged i Allinge

Notater:

Occupation: Bailiff (Byfoged) for Allinge.

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Beskæftigelse: Borgmester i Nexø
• Ane-nr.: Ane 15.26969 (Garde)

Notater:

Note (Overført juli 2019 fra Norman Lee Madsens database)

Evidently the son of a highly reckoned citizen from Lübeck, one Hartwig Hagefeldt, who died on February 29, 1555. None of the Bornholmer Hartwig/Hartvig's used the surname "Hagefeldt". A son of mayor Hartwigis thought to be Cort Hartwig, who in 1572-73 was the manager of Hammershus Len.

Augustin Hartwig is the oldest known member of this Bornholmer family. He came to Bornholm during a time when Lübeck had controlled Bornholm since circa 1525. King Frederik I had forfeited the control of Bornholm to Lübeck for 50 years because of his inability to pay debts owed to the city; which had aided him in wresting the throne from his brother. The natives of Bornholm are recorded to have groaned under the Hansa's rule, and declared "they would rather be under the Turks, than under the German, Christian, imperial city." Augustin is mentioned in records as being the Mayor of Nexø (also spelled Neksø) in 1555.

A court case document from that year (1555) begins (in the original old danish):
"Wij effterne, Esbern Myre Byffogeth, Augustin Hartwick och Mickel Hansz Burgemester, Henrick Moffue och Michel .... borgere y Nexö mett menige Bymendt bekenne obenbare for alle mett dette vort offne breff, at Aaretc. MDLV .... dagen effter Catharinæ paa wort byting war skicket .... och menige man erlig man Anthonius Wiltfangh .... paa herrenes (det lybske raad) wegne war begerendes low och rett ...."

Translated to english:
"We the herein mentioned, Esbern Myre, Town-Bailiff, Augustin Hartwig and Mickel Hansen, Mayors, Henrick Moffue and Michel .... citizens of Nexø make it be known for all by our open letter that in the year of MDLV, the day after Catharinæ was sent before our council .... and the honest man Anthonius Wiltfangh .... was asking for justice on behalf of the Lübeck council ...."

This damaged document is kept by the state archives in the "Samlinger til danske Kongers Historie", also printed in "Aktstykker til Bornholms Historie", by D.J.R. Hübertz, 1851, page 251.

This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Beskæftigelse:
Nævnes som borgmester i Nexø i dokument 1855.

Andre Begivenheder og Egenskaber:

• Ane-nr.: Ane 16.53937 (Garde)

Notater:

Note (Overført juli 2019 fra Norman Lee Madsens database)

Hartwig Hagefeldt was a first-citizen (anset borger) in "Lybæk" (Lübeck); he is recorded as dying in 1555 on the 28th of February (as found in "Lübeckische Ratslinie", from the published archival records of Lübeck). None of the Bornholmer Hartwigs took the surname Hagefeldt; but rather abided by the scandinavian tradition of using the father's given name as the children's surname (in this case dropping the "-sen" suffix).

During Hartwig Hagefeldt's time a person did not become a "Borger" (Burgher, or middleclass citizen) by virtue of being born in a place. Burgher class citizenship was a valuable privilege that included: the right to engage in business in a community; rights and protections under the law; permission to reside in a community without being expelled. Citizenship was extended by individual communities to some of their inhabitants, primarily those who wanted to engage in business, and did not pertain to citizenship in the country as a whole. Until the twentieth century, only males of the middle and upper classes, mostly merchants and tradesmen, were granted citizenship.

Lübeck is located on two small streams connecting with Lübeck Bay. The history of Lübeck goes back to around the year 1000 AD, when the Wends established "Liubice" as a royal seat and trading center. Founded in 1143 Count Adolf II of Schauenburg built a settlement of Christian merchants between the Trave and the Wakenitz Rivers and borrowed the old name "Liubice" from the older and meanwhile destroyed settlement. The city of Lübeck was born. After a devastating fire the Saxon King, Henrythe Lion, established Lübeck for a second time in 1158. From 1159 on Lübeck developed as a center of trade, which in its effect could only be compared with its southern counterpart Venice. At breathtaking speed, Lübeck became the most powerful economic center of Northern Europe.

In 1173 Henry the Lion laid the cornerstone of the largest brickstructure of the North, the Cathedral (Dom zu Lübeck). The churches St. Mary (Marienkirche) and St. Peter (Petrikirche) also got their start during the same year. Henry the Lion indeed made even more of a mark on the city since under his leadership the layout of the Old Town of Lübeck was designed and it remains even to this day almost completely unchanged. It has five 13-14th century Gothic churches, a Gothic townhall, and a 13th century hospital. Another big name, which is perhaps even more important for the history of this city, is Emperor Friedrich II. It was he who in 1226 granted Lübeck its almost unique freedom and independence - its status as a "Free Imperial City". This meant that the city, and its citizens, were not subjects of a duke, count or bishop, but only of the emperor himself. This free area continued for 711 years.

At the end of the 13th century an alliance of Germanic cities, the Hanseatic League, was developed from a merchant's union, with the Free City of Lübeck taking on the leadership position of the Hanseatic Council. The league became a powerful economic and political force in northern Europe. Its earliest union dates to 1241, when Lübeck and Hamburg made agreements for mutual defense in trading; the first meeting of the "Diet" (legislative assembly) in 1256 included: Lübeck, Hamburg, Lünenburg, Wismar, Rostock, and Stralsund; later other towns joined the league. With a centre for meetings in the city of Lübeck, the members established an important network of Baltic trade, and a string of commercial bases stretching from Novgorod to London and from Bergen to Bruges.

Despite the power that she wielded, Lübeck, the "Queen of the Hansa", was never an overtly war-like city. The latin phrase on the Holstein Gate, completed in 1478, reads, "Concordia Domi Foris Pax" (Harmony Within, Peace Without), which was the prerequisite for the functional community and the undisrupted free trade which Lübeck enjoyed.

The league reached the height of its power in the 14th and 15th centuries when it contributed to the defeat of Valdemar IV of Denmark in 1367-68, and secured control of Baltic trade by Peace of Stralsund in 1370. It now included such widely separated places as: Novgorod, Reval, Riga, Danzig (Gdánsk), Magdeburg, Cologne, Bruges, and London; and gave trading privileges to merchants of many other towns. In its heyday during the 14th century the Hansa included well over a hundred towns; its influence gradually faded with the emergence of powerful competitor states, and the last meeting of the "Diet" was held in Lübeck in 1669. The term "Hanseatic town" was retained by Lübeck, Hamburg, and Bremen as long as they were imperial free-cities.

In 1509 Denmark and Lübeck were engaged in one of their numerous skirmishes. The Danes had a famous battleship called the "Svane" (english: Swan) - which was reputed to be the largest and most powerful in the world; but the Lübeck'ers in several small vessels surprised, attacked and destroyed it. After this victory a fleet of 14 Lübeck ships ravaged the Danish islands and did much damage to Danish shipping. Nine Swedish ships joined them, and the combined fleet almost ruined Lolland and Bornholm.

Later, in the summer of 1509, a great naval battle took place between 16Lübeck men-of-war and 17 Danish ships of about equal size and strength. One of the latter was a new vessel, the "Engel" (english: Angel), larger than the unlucky Svane had been. The Lübeck'ers had landed some of their guns and men to attack the fortress of Hammershus, on the northern tip of Bornholm, when the Danish fleet appeared, quite unexpectedly, and attacked at once. The battle lasted all day, and at night both sides claimed the victory. Some days later the fight was resumed, when, after several hours of fierce contest, the Engel had her rudder shot away and was taken in tow by her consorts, and the whole Danish fleet fled. In 1510 the league seized Bornholm as "security" on an unpaid loan given to the Danish crown; this lasted for a period of 50 years.

This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.